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The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures
日期:2012-04-30

  C has the predicate B,

  A has the predicate C,

  Therefore, A has the predicate B.

  In the Second Figure only mixed Ratiocinations are possible.

  Pattern of Second Figure:

  Subject...............Predicate

  Major Term........Middle Term........Major Premise

  Minor Term.........Middle Term........Minor Premise

  Minor Term........Major Term...........Conclusion

  The rule of the second figure is: Whatever is inconsistent with the predicate of a subject is inconsistent with the subject. This is a mixed ratiocination because an unexpressed proposition must be added in thought in order to arrive at the conclusion. If I say,

  No B is C,

  A is C,

  Therefore, A is not B

  My inference is valid only if I silently interpose the immediate inference No C is B after the first premise. It is merely the negative converse of the first premise. Without it, the ratiocination is invalid.

  In the Third Figure only mixed Ratiocinations are possible.


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